The L3G4200D is an ultra-stable three-axis digital output gyroscope manufactured by STMicroelectronics that measures angular rate — how fast a device is rotating — around the pitch (X), roll (Y), and yaw (Z) axes simultaneously. By combining a MEMS sensing element with a CMOS IC interface on a single chip, it delivers 16-bit digital angular … Read more
The soil moisture sensor is a two-part resistive module that detects the water content of soil by measuring the electrical conductivity between two exposed electrode probes. As soil moisture increases, conductivity rises and resistance between the probes drops, causing the analog output voltage to change proportionally. A separate comparator board converts this continuous analog signal … Read more
The YF-S201 is a compact Hall effect water flow sensor that measures liquid flow rate by detecting the rotation of an internal impeller. As water flows through the valve body, it spins the impeller, which carries a small permanent magnet. Each revolution sweeps the magnet past a sealed Hall effect sensing element, generating a pulse. … Read more
The water level sensor is a low-cost resistive immersion sensor that detects water presence and depth by measuring the change in electrical conductivity across a set of interleaved exposed copper traces. The traces act as a variable resistor — in air, resistance between them is effectively infinite; as water bridges progressively more trace pairs, resistance … Read more
The ML8511 is a single-chip UV sensor designed for acquiring UV intensity both indoors and outdoors. The IC integrates a photodiode sensitive to UVA and UVB wavelengths, an internal operational amplifier that converts the photodiode’s photocurrent into a proportional output voltage, and an internal reference voltage circuit — all inside a compact 12-pin ceramic QFN … Read more
The VEML6070 is a single-chip UVA light sensor designed using a CMOS process. It incorporates a UV-sensitive photodiode, internal amplifier stages, a low-pass filter, a temperature sensor for compensation, an oscillator, a timing controller, and an I²C output buffer — all inside a compact 6-pin OPLGA package measuring 2.35 × 1.8 × 1mm. Unlike some … Read more
The TCS34725 is a color light-to-digital converter manufactured by ams (formerly TAOS — Texas Advanced Optoelectronic Solutions). It contains four photodiode channels — red, green, blue, and clear — each with its own dedicated 16-bit integrating ADC that converts the detected light intensity directly into a digital value. The clear channel measures total unfiltered light … Read more
The TCS3200 is a programmable color light-to-frequency converter that detects the color of an object by measuring the intensity of red, green, and blue light reflected from its surface. By selecting different onboard photodiode filters and reading the resulting output frequency, it can identify a nearly limitless range of visible colors and deliver the result … Read more
The JSN-SR04T is a waterproof ultrasonic distance measurement module that detects the range to an object by timing how long it takes an ultrasonic pulse to travel out, reflect off a surface, and return. Unlike standard ultrasonic modules, its sensing transducer is sealed and mounted on a cable separate from the control board, allowing the … Read more
The AM312 is an ultra-miniature passive infrared (PIR) motion sensor module that detects movement by sensing changes in infrared radiation emitted by warm bodies passing within its field of view. Unlike larger PIR modules, the AM312 packs all its sensing and processing electronics directly into the sensor housing itself, producing a simple digital output with … Read more